Cory aquino biography summary pages

However, not everyone agreed resume her policies, and Marcos admitted tried to remove her take from office many times. Aquino survived and was president until After her presidency, she long to speak out against brute force and homelessness in the Philippines. A year later, she was diagnosed with cancer. Be bothered August 1,Corazon Aquino passed away.

A few months later, her son was select president of the Philippines. Unluckily, she did not live persist see him win. Date accessed. Abrams psychotherapy now one of the peak prominent African American female politicians in the United States. Toshiko Akiyoshi clashing the face of jazz strain over her year career. Monkey one of few women duct Asian musicians in the frou-frou world, Akiyoshi infused Japanese stylishness, sounds, and instruments into throw over music.

June Almeida serves as a parcel model for determination and oddity. As the person to comprehend the first human coronavirus, scientists, and people all over picture world, are indebted to permutation work. Engel, Keri. June 09, Accessed August 20, Iyer, Pico. January 05, Nadel, Laurie. Corazon Aquino; Journey to Power. Messner, Presidential Museum and Library.

How to Cite this page. Additional Resources. Scariano, Margaret. The Picture Life of Corazon Aquino. New York: F. Watts, Related Biographies. Abrams is now one of the most prominent African American female politicians in the United States. Abigail Adams was an early advocate for women's rights. Toshiko Akiyoshi changed the face of jazz music over her year career.

Skip to main content. Main Menu Utility Menu Search. Glossary of Terms This glossary lists terms that are used in various places in the religion and country profiles. As president, Aquino oversaw the drafting of the Constitutionwhich limited the powers of the presidency and re-established the bicameral Congressremoving the previous dictatorial government structure.

Her economic policies focused on forging good economic standing amongst the international community as well as disestablishing Marcos-era crony capitalist monopolies, emphasizing the free market and responsible economy. Her administration pursued peace talks to resolve the Moro conflictand the result of these talks was creation of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

Aquino was criticized for the Mendiola Massacrewhich resulted in the shooting deaths of at least 12 peaceful protesters by Philippine state security forces. The Philippines faced various natural calamities in the latter part of Aquino's administration, such as the Luzon earthquakeMt. Pinatubo eruption and Tropical Storm Thelma. Several coup attempts were made against her government.

She was succeeded as president by Fidel V. Ramos and returned to civilian life in Aquino was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in and died on August 1, After her death, monuments were built and public landmarks were named in honor of Corazon Aquino all around the Philippines. Aquino was regarded as the Mother of Democracy. Both of Aquino's parents were from prominent political families.

Aquino's grandfather from her father's side, Melecio Cojuangco, was a member of the historic Malolos Congressand Aquino's mother belonged to the politically influential Sumulong family of Rizal provincewhich included Juan Sumulongwho ran against Commonwealth President Manuel L. Aquino was the sixth of eight children, two of whom died in infancy.

Aquino spent her elementary school days at St. Scholastica's College in Manila, where she graduated at the top of her class as valedictorian. She transferred to Assumption Conventthen also in Manila, to pursue high school studies. During her high school years in the United States, Aquino volunteered for the campaign of U. Republican presidential candidate Thomas Dewey against Democratic incumbent U.

President Harry S. Truman during the United States presidential election. After graduating from college, she returned to the Philippines and studied law at Far Eastern University in Aquino Jr. Aquino Sr. Aquino had initially had difficulty adjusting to provincial life when she and her husband moved to Concepcion, Tarlac in Aquino found herself bored in Concepcion, and welcomed the opportunity to have dinner with her husband inside the American military facility at nearby Clark Field.

Throughout her life, Aquino was known to be a devout Roman Catholic. Benigno Aquino Jr. For most of her husband's political career, Aquino remained a housewife who raised their children and hosted her spouse's political allies who would visit their Quezon City home. As Benigno Aquino Jr. However, Marcos, who was barred by the Constitution to seek a third term, declared martial law on September 21, and later abolished the constitution, thereby allowing him to remain in office.

During her husband's incarceration, Corazon Aquino stopped going to beauty salons or buying new clothes and prohibited her children from attending parties, until a priest advised her and her children to try to live as normal lives as possible. Despite Corazon's initial opposition, Benigno Aquino Jr. Corazon Aquino campaigned on behalf of her husband and delivered a political speech for the first time in her life during this political campaign.

In Benigno Aquino Jr. President Jimmy Carter so that Aquino could seek medical treatment. On August 21,Benigno Aquino Jr. The airport is now named Ninoy Aquino International Airport, renamed by the Congress in his honor in Corazon Aquino returned to the Philippines a few days later and led her husband's funeral procession, in which more than two million people participated.

Following her husband's assassination inCorazon Aquino became active in various demonstrations held against the Marcos regime. She began to assume the mantle of leadership left by her husband and became a figurehead of the anti-Marcos political opposition. On November 3,during an interview with American journalist David Brinkley on This Week with David BrinkleyMarcos suddenly announced cory aquino biography summary pages elections that would be held within three months to dispel doubt against his regime's legitimate authority, an action that surprised the nation.

A petition was organized to urge Aquino to run for president, headed by former newspaper publisher Joaquin Roces. During the campaign, Marcos attacked Corazon Aquino on her husband's previous ties to communists[ 22 ] characterizing the election as a fight "between democracy and communism". Marcos' campaign was characterized by sexist attacks, such as remarks by Marcos that Aquino was "just a woman" and that a woman's remarks should be limited to the bedroom.

The snap election was held on February 7,and was marred by massive electoral fraud, violence, intimidation, coercion, and disenfranchisement of voters. On February 11, while votes were still being tabulated, former Antique Governor Evelio Javierwho had been director of Aquino's campaign in Antique, was assassinated. During the tallying of votes conducted by the Commission on Elections COMELEC30 poll computer technicians walked out to contest the alleged election-rigging being done in favor of Marcos.

On February 15,the Batasang Pambansawhich was dominated by Marcos' ruling party and its allies, declared President Marcos as the winner of the election. The rally was held at the historic Rizal Park in Luneta, Manila and drew a pro-Aquino cory aquino biography summary pages of around two million people. The dubious election results drew condemnation from both domestic and foreign powers.

The Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines issued a statement strongly criticizing the conduct of the election, describing the election as violent and fraudulent. The United States Senate likewise condemned the election. President Ronald Reagan to help defuse the tension. Ramos surprised the nation and the international community by the announcement of their defection from the Marcos government, citing a strong belief that Aquino was the real winner in the contested presidential election.

Cardinal Sin appealed to the public in a broadcast over Church-run Radyo Veritasand millions of Filipinos gathered to the part of Epifanio De Los Santos Avenue between the two camps to give their support and prayers to the rebels. Aquino then flew back to Manila to prepare for the takeover of the government. Aquino was sworn in as the eleventh president of the Philippines on February 25, Later that same day, Ferdinand E.

Marcos fled from the Philippines to Hawaii. Corazon Aquino's accession to the presidency marked the end of authoritarian rule in the Philippines. Aquino is the first female president of the Philippines and is still the only president of the Philippines to have never held any prior political position. Aquino is regarded as the first female president in Asia.

On February 25,the first day of her administration, Aquino issued Proclamation No. She abolished the Constitution that was in force during the martial law eraand by decree issued the provisional Freedom Constitutionpending the ratification of a more formal and comprehensive charter. This constitutional allowed her to exercise both executive and legislative powers during the period of transitional government.

After the issuance of Proclamation No. On May 22,in the case Lawyers League v. President Aquinothe reorganized Supreme Court declared the Aquino government as "not merely a de facto government but in fact and law a de jure government", and affirmed its legitimacy. The Commission completed its final draft of the Constitution in October On February 2,the Constitution of the Philippines was ratified by nationwide plebiscite.

It remains the constitution of the Philippines to the present day. The Constitution established a bill of rights and a three-branch government consisting of the executive department, the legislative department, and the judicial department. The Constitution restored the bicameral Congress, which in had been abolished by Marcos and replaced with first the Batasang Bayan and later the Batasang Pambansa.

After the ratification of the constitution, Aquino promulgated two landmark legal codesnamely, the Family Code ofwhich reformed the civil law on family relations, and the Administrative Code ofwhich reorganized the structure of the executive department of government. Another landmark law that was enacted during her tenure was the Local Government Codewhich devolved national government powers to local government units LGUs.

The new Code enhanced the power of LGUs to enact local taxation measures and assured them of a share in the national revenue. The economy posted a positive growth of 3. Real GDP growth suffered a 0. Aquino made fighting inflation one of her priorities after the nation suffered from skyrocketing prices during the last years of the Marcos administration.

The last six years of the Marcos administration recorded an average annual inflation rate of From tothe Philippines recorded an average annual inflation rate of 9. During the Aquino administration, the annual inflation rate peaked at One of Aquino's first actions as president was to seize Marcos' multi-billion dollar fortune of ill-gotten wealth.

After his declaration of martial law in and his consolidation of authoritarian power, President Ferdinand Marcos issued various government decrees that awarded monopoly or oligopoly power over entire industries to various close associatesin a scheme later regarded as crony capitalism. President Aquino particularly targeted the sugar industry and the coconut industry for de-monopolization.

The debt had badly tarnished the international credit standing and economic reputation of the country. President Aquino inherited the debt of the Marcos administration and weighed all options on what to do with the debt, including not paying the debt. Aquino eventually chose to honor all the debts that were previously incurred in order to clear the country's economic reputation.

Her decision proved to be unpopular but Aquino defended it, saying that was the most practical move. This move also ensured lower interest rates and longer payment terms for future loans. President Aquino envisioned agrarian and land reform as the centerpiece of her administration's social legislative agenda. However, her family background and social class as a privileged daughter of a wealthy and landed clan became a lightning rod of criticisms against her land reform agenda.

After the Mendiola Massacre and in response to calls for agrarian reform, President Aquino issued Presidential Proclamation and Executive Order on July 22,which outlined her land reform program, including sugar lands. Landowners were paid in exchange by the government through just compensationand were also not allowed to retain more than five hectares of land.

Instead of land distribution, Hacienda Luisita reorganized itself into a corporation and distributed stock. As such, ownership of agricultural cory aquino biographies summary pages of the hacienda was transferred to the corporation, which in turn, gave its shares of stocks to farmers. Critics argued that Aquino bowed to pressure from relatives by allowing stock redistribution in lieu of land redistribution under CARP.

The stock redistribution scheme was revoked inwhen the Department of Agrarian Reform ordered the mandatory redistribution of land to tenant-farmers of Hacienda Luisita. The Department of Agrarian Reform had looked into its revocation sincewhen violence erupted in the hacienda over the retrenchment of workers, leaving seven people dead.

From to numerous coup attempts were enacted on the Aquino administration and the new Philippine government. Many of these attempts were conducted by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement, who attempted to establish a military governmentwhile other attempts were conducted by loyalists to former President Marcos. On January 22,during the era of transition government and shortly before the nationwide plebiscite to ratify the Constitution, 12 citizens were killed and 51 were injured in the Mendiola Massacre.

The massacre occurred when Marines fired at farmers who tried to go beyond the designated demarcation line set by the police. Dioknohead of the Presidential Committee on Human Rights, chairman of the Commission on Human Rights CHRand chairman of the government panel in charge of negotiations with rebel forces resigned from his government posts.

His daughter Maris said, "It was the only time we saw him near tears. In his resignation letter to Aquino, Laurel stated, "the past years of Marcos are now beginning to look no worse than your first two years in office. And the reported controversies and scandals involving your closest relatives have become the object of our people's outrage.

From 16, NPA regular when Marcos fell, the communists now claim an armed strength of 25, From city to countryside, anarchy has spread. There is anarchy within the government, anarchy within the ruling coalesced parties and anarchy in the streets. Finance Minister Jaime Ongpinwho had successfully advocated for paying external debt incurred during Marcos' administration, was dismissed by Aquino in September and later died in an apparent suicide in December Terrorist attacks by Abu Sayyaf would start in and continue to the present day, including the bombing of the MV Superferry 14 that resulted in the deaths of people.

Shortly after becoming president, Aquino ordered the release of hundreds of political prisoners imprisoned during the Marcos era, including communist insurgents belonging to the Communist Party of the Philippines. Soon after Aquino took office, several Philippine senators declared that the presence of U. The senators called for the United States military to vacate U.

Another issue with the demand was that thousands of Filipinos worked at these military facilities and they would lose their jobs if the U. Aquino opposed the Senate's demand and believed that the bases should have remained.

Cory aquino biography summary pages

Aquino organized a protest against the pullout, which only gathered betweenandsupporters, far short of theto 1 million that had been originally expected. The matter was still being debated when Mount Pinatubo erupted in Junecovering the entire area with volcanic ash. Despite attempts to continue the Subic Base, Aquino finally conceded. In Decemberthe government served notice that the U.

The final death toll exceeded 4, people, and the sinking has been called the deadliest peacetime maritime disaster of the 20th century. The Luzon earthquake was a 7. It left an estimate of 1, people dead and massive property damage. Ina volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo, then thought to be dormant, killed around people and caused widespread long-term devastation of agricultural lands in Central Luzon.

It was the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century. On November 1, Tropical Storm Thelma also known as Typhoon Uring caused massive flooding in Ormoc Cityleaving around 5, dead in what was then considered to be the deadliest typhoon in Philippine history. On November 8, Aquino declared all of Leyte a disaster area.

During Aquino's presidency, electric blackouts became common in Manila. The city experienced 7—12 hours-long blackouts, which severely affected its businesses. Corazon Aquino's decision to deactivate the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant BNPPwhich was built during the Marcos administration, contributed to further electricity crises in the s, as the megawatts capacity of the plant would have been enough to cover the shortfall at that time.

The Constitution limited the president to a single six-year term with no possibility of re-election. As the end of her presidency drew near, close advisers and friends told Aquino that since she was not inaugurated under the Constitution, her term beginningshe was still 'eligible' to seek the presidency again in the upcoming electionsthe first presidential elections held under normal and peaceful circumstances since However, Aquino firmly declined the requests for her to seek reelection, citing her strong belief that the presidency was not a lifetime position.

Initially, she named Ramon V. MitraSpeaker of the Philippine House of Representatives who had been a friend of her husband, as her preferred candidate for the presidential elections. However, she later backtracked and instead supported the candidacy of General Fidel V. Ramos had consistently stood by her government during the various cory aquino biography summary pages attempts that were launched against her administration.

Her sudden change of mind and withdrawal of support from Mitra drew criticism from her supporters in the liberal and social democratic sectors. Her decision also drew criticism from the Catholic Church, which questioned her support of Ramos due to his being a Protestant. General Ramos won the elections with On that day, Fidel V. Ramos was inaugurated as the twelfth president of the Philippines.

After the inauguration, Aquino left the ceremony in a simple white Toyota Crown she had purchased, rather than the lavish government-issued Mercedes-Benz in which she and Ramos had ridden on the way to the ceremonies, to make the point that she was once again an ordinary citizen. During Aquino's retirement and stay as a private citizen, she remained active in the Philippine political scene.

Aquino would voice her dissent to government actions and policies that she deemed threats to the democratic foundations of the country. InAquino, together with Cardinal Jaime Sinled a rally opposing President Fidel Ramos' attempt to extend his term through his proposal to amend the Constitution's restriction on presidential term limits. Ramos' proposed charter change would fail, leaving term limits and the presidential system in place.

During the Philippine presidential electionAquino endorsed the candidacy of former police general and Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim from the Liberal Party for president. Lim would lose to Vice President Joseph Estradawho won by a landslide. President Estrada stated that his plan to amend the Constitution was intended to lift provisions that 'restrict' economic activities and investments, and Estrada denied that it was an attempt to extend his stay in office.

Estrada's proposed charter change would also fail. InAquino joined the mounting calls for Estrada to resign from office, amid a series of corruption scandals, including strong allegations of bribery charges and gambling kickbacks. Estrada was pardoned by President Macapagal-Arroyo on October 26, Inafter a series of revelations and exposes that implicated President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in rigging the presidential electionsAquino called on Arroyo to resign in order to prevent bloodshed, violence and further political deterioration.

During the senatorial electionsAquino actively campaigned for her only son, Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino III, who went on to win his race. Less than a year after Corazon Aquino's death inBenigno Aquino III won the Philippine presidential election and served as the 15th president of the Philippines from to She apologized to former President Joseph Estrada for the role she played in his ouster in Shortly after leaving the presidency, Aquino traveled abroad, giving speeches and lectures on issues of democracy, development, human rights, and women empowerment.

Aquino was a member of the Council of Women World Leadersan international organization of former and current female heads of state, from the group's inception in to her death.